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A primitive part of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord, the brain stem controls functions basic to survival, such as heart rate, breathing, digestive processes, and sleeping.

Earlier or sooner than.

A severe snowstorm with high winds.

A group of warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates, with characteristics that include feathers, beaks, and usually flight. They are the only known living dinosaurs. 

Irregular contractions of the uterine muscle, often called false labour.

The outer layer of the cerebrum. Sometimes referred to as the cerebral cortex.

In or toward a lower place; lower in quantity or number.

A spongy tissue found in the center of some bones.

The midwife or doctor performs a vaginal examination and breaks waters using a small plastic disposable instrument to encourage more effective contractions.

In brain science, refers to either half of the brain (left or right). The two hemispheres are separated by a deep groove, or fissure, down the center. Some major, specific brain functions are located in one or the other hemisphere. While popular culture suggests that “hemispheric dominance,” or which side of the brain is more active, can help inform how an individual best learns, research does not support this idea.